In the normal process of eye imaging, light needs to pass through the cornea and enter the eye, and then through the lens to accurately focus the point on the retina, forming a clear image. However, for individuals with myopia, the imaging focal point falls in front of the retina, leading to blurred vision when looking at objects.
To address this issue, it’s necessary to reposition the focal point onto the retina. Myopia surgery involves changing the shape of the cornea to restore the focal point to the correct position.
Main Methods of Myopia Surgery
Based on the structure of the cornea, mainstream laser correction surgeries are mainly divided into two types:
- LASIK (PRK/FS) and SMILE (FS): These two surgeries involve creating a corneal flap or a lens-shaped corneal structure to restore the focal point to the correct position.
- Trans-PRK, LASEK, SMART: These procedures correct myopia by directly ablating the corneal surface.
- ICL (Implantable Collamer Lens): Suitable for individuals with higher degrees of myopia, this surgery involves implanting a reversible artificial lens into the eye to correct vision.
LASIK Surgery
LASIK surgery is currently the most widely used corneal refractive surgery. It mainly consists of three steps: creating a corneal flap, ablating the corneal stroma, and repositioning the corneal flap.
SMILE Surgery
SMILE surgery is a type of femtosecond laser surgery. Its main difference from LASIK is that it doesn’t require creating a corneal flap. Instead, it directly uses femtosecond laser to cut and extract corneal tissue.
Trans-PRK Surgery
Trans-PRK surgery is a straightforward approach that corrects myopia by directly ablating the corneal surface using an excimer laser.
ICL Surgery
ICL surgery corrects vision by implanting a reversible artificial lens. It is suitable for individuals with higher degrees of myopia.
Considerations and Risks of the Surgery
Different surgical methods have their own considerations and potential risks, including postoperative regression of vision, complications related to corneal flaps, dry eye syndrome, etc. Therefore, before choosing a surgical method, it’s important to have a thorough understanding of one’s own situation and seek advice from a professional doctor.
Prospects for New Technologies
In recent years, new treatment methods have emerged. For example, researchers have been using femtosecond lasers to selectively change the curvature of specific parts of the cornea without damaging it. This technology shows revolutionary potential in correcting myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Although still in research and clinical trials, this technology holds promising potential.
In Conclusion
In summary, different myopia surgery methods have their pros and cons. Choosing the right method requires considering surgical risks, recovery time, and personal circumstances. Before making a decision, it’s recommended to consult a professional doctor and thoroughly understand the details of each surgical method. While myopia surgery holds the promise of improving vision, it also requires careful consideration.
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